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Victims may end up in forced labour But poor working conditions are not
through human trafficking, but they may necessarily forced labour. The ILO has
also become victims of forced labour developed a set of indicators to serve as
without being trafficked. Both are illegal a guide to in identifying potential forced
and are severe human rights violations. labour cases.

Forced labour is not always immediately These indicators should be viewed from
visible and indeed forced labour often the victims’ perspective. It is important
takes place in hiding from public view. that indicators for both involuntariness
Also, forced labour and poor working and menace/threat of penalty are
conditions may be confused – and present to determine possible forced
victims of forced labour are very often labour situation:
subject to poor working conditions.

Intimidation
and threats

Deception
Abuse of
vulnerability Isolation

Physical and
sexual violence
Restriction of
movement Withholding
of wages Excessive
National Action Plan on Forced Labour (2021-2025) Retention of Abusive working and
Debt
overtime
bondage

identity documents
living conditions